Glob intro and essay plan

Name – Vishwabhushan Gaikwad



ID no. -07046523




Module name Pre-sessional English course(Month 3)



Tutor- Steve G



Class- Leeds



Date- 29/08/2008




Essay Title- Summaries the main effect of Globalization and discuss to what extend they are beneficial to your subject area.












GLOBALIZATION

INTRODUCTION:--

It is generally agreed that, world is getting small because of growing integration of economics and societies around the world. Globalization is a force that increasingly touches the lives of peoples living in al countries of the world. Unfortunately , recent global opinion polls reveals that many people fear Globalization. Globalization influences diet activity and health in developing countries. One major problem is the increasing internationalisation of health risk. This having many dimensions including economics, technological, political, social, scientific and cultural aspects. Various non-communicable diseases are rising their head as result of Globalization. On another side the export and import of alcoholic and nicotinic products are responsible for epidemics for non-communicable diseases such as cancer, cardio-vascular diseases, lung diseases and diabetes.



(Word count- 123)



















Topic sentence -
Paragraph No. 1) Introduction to essay(covering general points )

Paragraph No. 2) Trades are the main drivers of the Globalization.

Paragraph No. 3) Globalization helps in industrial development into world market.

Paragraph No. 4) Import and export of tobacco and alcohol is epidemics for the non-communicable diseases.

Paragraph No. 5) World Health Organisation (WHO) estimated that Globalization has also large effect on international travel and global health.

Paragraph No. 6) Conclusion.

Paragraph No. 7) Referances.

GLOBAL-- INTRO

GLOBALIZATION

INTRODUCTION:--

It is generally agreed that, world is getting small because of growing integration of economics and societies around the world. Globalization is a force that increasingly touches the lives of peoples living in al countries of the world. Unfortunately , recent global opinion polls reveals that many people fear Globalization. Globalization influences diet activity and health in developing countries. One major problem is the increasing internationalisation of health risk. This having many dimensions including economics, technological, political, social, scientific and cultural aspects. Various non-communicable diseases are rising their head as result of Globalization. On another side the export and import of alcoholic and nicotinic products are responsible for epidemics for non-communicable diseases such as cancer, cardio-vascular diseases, lung diseases and diabetes.

Globalization

GLOBALIZATION


Government and Globalization:

It is generally agreed that, world is getting small because of growing integration of economies and societies around the world. Globalization is a force that increasingly touches the lives of people living in all countries of the world. Globalization is defined as advance form of internationalization that effect the degree of integration between international disperse economic activities. It is now become popular key idea for business theory and practice. Jan Aart Scholte (2000, 15-17) has argued that the international globalization is the simply objective to describe cross border relation between two or more countries. It shows the growth in international exchange. While process of removing government imposes restriction on movements between countries is known as liberalization. Capitalism, rationalism, industrialism are spread the world over because of westernization and modernization. Where as the globalization as universalisation is the process of spreading various objects and experience to people and all countries of the world. The classic example of this is the use of computer and television.

Trade and Globalization:

Trade is one of the main drivers of Globalization. Globalization touches the lives of people everywhere. Unfortunately, recent global opinion polls reveal that many people fear globalization. While globalization can bring immense change, often the change benefits those most in need. By the opinion of Harvard University Professor Dani Rodrik Globalization changed the set of best growth promoting policies.




Trading, import and export to various countries(Cargo containers in port of Valparasio

According to Tikki Pang, Globalization helps as industry develops into the world market. That access to non-traditional foods as a result change in prices, production, practices and trade. Globalization may also influence diet activity and health in developing countries. One major problem is the increasing internationalization of health risk. This having many dimension including economic, technological, political, social, scientific and cultural aspects.Major factor for liberalization of international trade has negotiations during the past 50 years which culminated in the establishment of world trade organization (WTO) (Bettcher et al, 2000).


Health and Globalization:
This happens because of tobacco alcohol and global epidemics of non communicable disease. According to the world health organization death toll from tobacco will reach 10 million a year up to 70 % of this deaths cause by lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, lung disease, diabetics. An industrialise countries increased ban cigarette advertisement and tobacco companies target peoples in poor nation. This high incident of smoking among children and aldolescents and distribute in low age of intiation. Alcohol consumption is another area in which globalization of an industry has helped to more health risk . while tobacco increased the risk of mortality from array disease. The impact of alcohol consumption on health is much more complex. There is the strong relationship between alcohol consumption and liver cirrhosis, some cancers and that causes of injuries and violence. While minimum amount of alcohol is sufficient to reduce the cardiovascular disease, the spread of universal brand names of popular beverages and fast foods has contributed to the global epidemic of obesity by replacing traditional diet with fat and calories rich foods. The non-communicable disease like cancer, diabetics, obesity and cardiovascular disease will cause about 2/3rd of global disease. This growth shows the increase again globalization risk but for condition that arre mainly caused by diet even in less develop countries that have co-existent under nutrition. Mr.Jean Parrot says that some medicines are more at risk from counterfeiting than others.In developed countries those with the highest market demand or those with restricted access are the most affected and systems intended to identify all who have taken part in the supply chain should focus first on those medicines most liable to be counterfeited. Some national health policy markets have chosen to remove certain medicines from the regular secured pharmaceutical supply chain. Medicines are unique in that they carry with them both vast benefit and serious risk to public health . In some countries the expansion of internal market increases the risk of penetration by counterfeit medicines. The efficiency of health care systems largeky depends on the ability of primary health care provides to take responsibility early detection of disease. Whereas pharmacist are concerned this means taking action the better to identify risk factor for well known patients. In general pharmacist has many assets that would allow him/her to exercise pre-detection for a number of health problems.

WHO has estimated that globalization has also large effects on international travel with global health. In many countries liberalization of airline industries has made air travel affordable for more people around the world. For reaching air travel technology has allow longer non-stop flights, facilitates the spread of communicable disease. If person is in the early stages of the infectious disease, he around the world in 15-20 hours thus that disease cannot spread. The good example of rapid spread disease is severe acute respiratory syndrome. Another example of global spread is antibiotic resistance pneumococcus. Near about 2 millions die in developing countries as a result of lower respiratory infection like pneumonia.(McGee et al,2001).

Conclusion:

This essay examine that the Globalization leads to increases the health risk. This happens because of tobacco alcohol and global epidemics of non-communicable disease.
Globalization help to improve economic from agricultural to industry. The major factor for this is export and foreign direct investment. Foreign direct investment will able to impact the economic growth of leading countries from transfer technology, export promotion and employment argumentation. The global investment in Research and Development may be subject to utilisation of production knowledge.


References:

1] Tikki Pang , (2004).
‘Globalization And Risk To Health’. Vol-5. Page No-S11.


2] www.globalizationandhealth.com

3] en.wikipedia.org/wiki/globalization.

4] Jean Parrot.(Precedent Of International Pharmaceutical Federation.)
‘The Pharmaceutical Journal’. Vol-275, 2005.

Scienece, Crime & Privacy.

‘’INCREASED USE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TO FIGHT CRIME IS AN INFRIGEMENT ON PERSONAL PRIVACY.’’

It is generaly agreed that, most of the peoples feel secure when they are under the hightech and devoloped security system. To serve the public, everyday police relies on an increasingly wide range of information and communication technology, forensic science and other technologies. There are some software and technology which are used by the Police of United Kingdom like POLICE NATIONAL COMPUTER (PNC) for record keeping service, NATIONAL FINGERPRINTS AND DNA DATABASES to identify criminals and finaly ROAD TRAFFIC LAW ENFORCEMENT TECHNOLOGY which is used for the curb traffic offence like drinking and speeding drivers including immobilisation device, speed measuring device, bus lane enforcement camers, breath analysis device. Now a days criminals comiting the offence in a different way, so that to treat these kind of criminals , police and security agensies applying best security practices of technology.

Police science and technology strategy 2004-2009 by goverment of United Kingdom is having the main aim to reduce thr crime like burglary, robbery, vehicle, crime and drug related crimes and apart from this providing the satisfaction of security to servive in the society with freedom to people.




Scource(based on): http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/documents/PoliceST_S2_part11.pdf

http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/science-research/using-science/police-science-tech/

Post seminar reflection- VRG

Adapted from Seminar and Tutorials, Manning and Wilding----
On the Basis of my seminar preparation and research,the seminar was quite good, because i was suffering from some language problem. I was able to understand all the aspects of the seminar but i was not able to evaluate my own ideas, i can not express my 'self study'.
As i studied, DNA databases, Biometrics and CCTV are very usefull by the means of security. but there are some limitations to use each and every aspects. DNA database is very costly to analysis, Biometrics is the system which is available in few countries and the CCTV is not introduced in some countries. Some people in my group said that, CCTV make feel us uncomfertable. But i had added one point in seminar that, instead of icreasing the quntity of CCTV we have to increase the quality of CCTV, in support of this i said that, CCTV can identify only the face but not the aim of aspects. Overall as my own opinion is that, all the technologies are very essential to increase the level of the security.

Biometrics-

BIOMETRICS-
In brief, all these thing are essential for the purpose of security and boarder imigration. This Biometrics is used for the identification of know cheat faces. This system is used for identifying the criminals and terorist in high security areas. The software used for this,is Viisage Technology which is able to identifying the faces of bad guys.(Ref-www.theregister.co.uk)

DNA & Crime- VRG

Summary--

As i think this is the very usefull invention in the crime investigation. DNA databaes is alao known as DNA fingerprints. A British scientist,Alec Jeffreysinvented this technique of using DNA samples to extract the unique marker. this technique is then used for the maching the DNA structure of criminals.
DNA profiling :-
DNA- Deoxyribonuclicacid, genaraly found in every cell of body. Only the samples like seman, blood, saliva is for analysis of the DNA. It can not shows the genetic disorders or any other kind of disease.
DNA in crime detection:-
The NDNAD (National DNA Database) is a database used by the police that contains DNA data stored in a computer andstored samples from the scenes of crimes as well as from people who have been arrested, acquitted or convicted of a crime. The DNA from every sample is analysed in a limited number of areas to produce a 'DNA profile' for each individual or sample from the scene of a crime.The database relies on the fact that every person's DNA is unique (unless they are an identical twin) and that the chance of an identical match between the DNA sequence taken from two different people is very low – less than one in a billion if they are not related. However, it is possible to get 'false' matches and the chances of a 'false' match are increased (i.e. the wrong person is identified) if samples are obtained from people who are related or if the DNA profile is incomplete. Incomplete profiles are often obtained from scene of crime samples because the DNA is often degraded. Following collection and analysis of a sample, a new DNA profile can be compared with the profiles stored on the database. A match can arise in four different ways. If:
1. a new scene of crime profile matches the profile of an individual already on the
database. This can help to identify a potential suspect very easily;
2. a new individual's profile matches a stored scene of crime profile from an unsolved crime
or crimes on the database. This type of 'speculative search' can identify a potential
suspect long after a crime has been committed;
3. a new scene of crime profile is found to match that of an old crime scene. This can help
the police in their investigations even if a suspect is not identified; and
4. the person has been sampled and included on the database previously under the same
or a different name.
Therefore, DNA profiling is a powerful tool in solving many serious crimes and deterring
serious criminals. In a typical month, matches are found linking suspects to 30 murders, 45
rapes and 3,200 motor vehicle, property and drug crimes.

Possible Errors in DNA profiling:--
In some cases DNA evidence can be difficult to analyse, particularly when
samples from the crime scene are destroted or contain more than one person's DNA.
Currently, the criminal justice system may not always take sufficient account of the possibility
of errors and people may be wrongly convicted either by mistake or even by being 'framed